* = pressing collected

^ = edible (do not attempt)

Trees and Shrubs

Asteraceae Family

Artemisia californica -- California Sagebrush*^

- products made from plant considered essential for proper maturation of girls into women for cahuillas (flour from seeds or bitter tea? research)

Ericaceae Family

Arbutus menziesii -- Pacific Madrone*

Arctostaphylos glandulosa -- Eastwood Manzanita*^

- it is a complex of 6 subspecies (A. g. ssp. crassofolia is rare) - fruits eaten by birds and small mammals -NA ground dried fruits into flour and jelly can be made from fruits - foliage has chemicals that inhibit ponderosa and knobcone pine seedlings

Arctostaphylos hispidula -- Hairy Manzanita*^

for manzanitas in general. - spanish preferred green berries for drink and jelly - NA collected ripe fruit - miwoks ground up berries and poured hot water over them in strainer basket to extract cider-like flavor - seeds separated and ground into flour - leaves used to make wash or lotion for poison oak, drink for headache, poultice for sores - karok and cahuillas used wood for utensils and piped - blossoms of some species steeped for tea, burls cherished for wood products - shelter for birds and smaller animals erosion retardant, can sprout from burls after fire manzanita cider (cover green berries with water in saucepan and simmer 15 mins or till soft. bruise berries but do not crush. let stand overnight. decant liquid, let sediment settle, and decant again.) manzanita jelly (1/2 gal manzanita berries, cover with water and crush. add 1/2 lemon peel, cinnamon stick. simmer 15 mins. strain. bring juice back to boil and for each 5 cups juice add 4 cups sugar and boil rapidly till liquid sheets off spoon. seal in jar)

Fabaceae Family

Lupinus albifrons -- Silver Bush Lupine*

Pickeringia montana -- Chaparral Pea*

Fagaceae Family

Notholithocarpus densiflorus -- Tanoak*

Quercus durata -- Leather Oak*

Garryaceae Family

Garrya fremontii -- Fremont's Silktassel*

Lauraceae Family

Umbellularia californica -- California Bay Laurel*^

- susceptible to fire - sprouts from base and stems - chemicals fromf foliage are suspected of inhibiting germination of some herbacious species - foliage palatable to deer and birds, seeds eaten by small mammals - wood used in furniture, cabinets, and variety of novelty items - NA used as insect repellent and to treat headaches and rheumatism - early spanish settlers pulverized leaves for condiment - NA used medicinally - to cure headache, piece of leaf was placed inside nostril or several leaves on forehead - tea made from leaves drunk for headache and stomach ailments - hot bath using leaves used for rheymatism - white settlers combined oil from leaves with lard and rubbed on body - mendocino county NA used leaves to repel fleas and burned boughs to fumigate lodgings against colds - small branches are sometimes placed in chicken coops to prevent lice - NA parched or roasted nuts in ashes, then cracked and ate - today leaves are used as flavor additive to soups stews and meat dishes - resemble european bay leaf, but much stronger flavor - wood can be used to make bowls bay stewed tomatoes (combine 6 tomatoes with salt and 3 1/2 cups water. cover and bring to boil. simmer 15 mins. drain and reserve juice. put juice from tomatoes, 2 tbsp butter, 2 tbsp minced parsley, 1 small chopped onion, and 1 bay leaf to pan. cook down to half. add tomatoes, papper, 1/2 tsp worcestershire sauce, and salt to taste. 2 lb can of tomatoes can be ysed instead of fresh (omit initial simmering and begin with drained juice).

Namaceae Family

Eriodictyon californicum -- California Yerba Santa*^

-NA and early settlers used leaves as remedy for colds, grippe, asthma - smoked or made into tea by miwok, pomo, yuki - both leaves and flowers were steeped for tea for above ailments as well as stomachache and rheumatism - also warmed and used as poultice on aching or sore areas - mashed leaves often applied to cuts wounds abrasions and fractured bones to keep swelling down and aid in mending and rleief pain tea (tear up 2-3 fresh or dried leaves and pour boiling water over them. cover and let steep) can chew fresh leaves

Phrymaceae Family

Diplacus aurantiacus -- Sticky Monkeyflower*

Pinaceae Family

Pseudotsuga menziesii -- Douglas Fir^

- one of the most important lumber trees in north america - used extensively by NA's for lumber, harpoon shafts; roots used in weaving baskets - tea made from fresh needles used by Yuki - BC young twigs boiled to make tea - often sold as xmas trees - seeds eaten by western tree squirrel, douglas chickaree, red tree mouse - needles and cones are winter food of blue grouse - old growth forests are host to rare/threatened species; northern spotted owl and marbled murrelet

Rhamnaceae Family

Ceanothus integerrimus -- Deerbrush*

Ceanothus parryi -- Parry Ceanothus*

Rosaceae Family

Adenostoma fasciculatum -- Chamise*

Heteromeles arbutifolia -- Toyon*

Taxaceae Family

Torreya californica -- California Nutmeg*

Herbaceous Plants

Pea Family | Fabaceae

Deerweed | Acmispon glaber

Lamiaceae Family

Marrubium vulgare -- Common Horehound^

- since ancient times around the world horehound has been used to make a bitter candy used for soothing sore throats and coughs - tea used bu cahuillas for flushing kidneys - plant can be boiled or dried without losing flavor - one cup of fresh leaves or 1/4 cup dried boiled in 2 cups water for 10 mins will make strong concentrate. concentrate can be diluted with 2 pts water to 1 pt concentrate for tea. one pt concentrate can be added to 2 pt sugar or honey, pinch of cream of tartar, brought to hard crack, amd pored into buttered plate for old fashioned cough drop candy. lemon added at last minute improves flavor. cough syrup can be made of 1 part concentrate and 2 parts honey.